Blood gas analysis can give the clinician essential information on the respiratory and metabolic status of a patient. Arterial blood gas analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. Therefore doctors around the world have agreed to retain mmhg as the unit of blood pressure measurement. Arterial blood gas analysis workshop resuscitation council uk. In case of delay, the sample should be placed in ice and such iced sample can be processed upto 2 hours without affecting the blood gas values. Basic physiological concepts, anion gap, respiratory acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, metabolic acidosis. S 21yearold woman who on the way to hospital has become increasingly drowsy. Clear, tolerating an oropharyngeal airway, on 40% oxygen via face mask b. As a nursing student struggled with understanding this after a client has blood work done. Interpretation of arterial blood gas pubmed central pmc. Oxygenation as an extrapulmonary treatment for hypoxia.
In addition, they provide a vital insight into a patients status that will ultimately influence how a case is. Fortunately, there are some easy ways to remember how to decipher these important lab results. Therefore in an arterial blood gas test, the blood sample is drawn from an artery. Arterial blood gas interpretation the arterial blood gas provides the following values. If the pascal unit is used for blood pressure measurement, a normal blood pressure of 12080 mmhg would be an unwieldy 1596010640 pa. Performing these simple calculations before interpreting a blood gas can help to detect mistaken entries or erroneous values and avoid the interpretation of confusing results. The authors then apply this approach to a wide range of realistic case studies that resemble situations readers are likely to encounter in practice. Spurious hypoxemia, commonly known as leukocyte larceny, is just one of several erroneous values or discrepancies with pulse oximetry and the bedside assessment or bioassay that. If arterial blood gases are taken it is also important to note the inspired oxygen and. But it is often encountered that many students dont know how to read abg, and thats why we are providing arterial blood gas. Gas chapter 6 blood gas and critical care analyte analysis. A systematic approach to abg interpretation leads to easy interpretation. The following recommendations are made following the grading of recommendations assessment, development, and. Without knowing them, your patient could easily go.
All you really need to know to interpret arterial blood gases. Arterial blood gas analysis workshop page 4 of 8 arterial blood gas analysis workshop scenario 1 initial information a 75 year old man presents to the accident and emergency department after a witnessed out of hospital vf cardiac arrest. Arterial blood gas interpretation, abg analysis, rules for rapid abg analysis, anion gap, approach to mixed disorders. Written by a senior lecturer in critical care, this easytofollow guide will help practitioners at all levels develop their skill in assessing arterial blood gas results. Once youve mastered this technique, youll be doing actual abg interpretation. The following recommendations are made following the grading of recommendations assessment. It is made worse by the printouts generated by recent microprocessors. In vertebrates, the various cells of blood are made in the bone marrow in a. The usefulness of this diagnostic tool is dependent. Maier md, msph, in murray and nadels textbook of respiratory medicine sixth edition, 2016. Jul 11, 2017 this poster offers a basic level of understanding of abgs for medical students. Arterial blood gas analysis making it easy clinical.
Each hemoglobin molecule contains four atoms of iron and therefore can combine with four molecules of oxygen. How to interpret arterial blood gas results correspondence. Interpretation of arterial blood gas article pdf available in indian journal of critical care medicine 142. Arterial blood gasses, or abgs, may be among the most complex and confusing parts of nursing practice. Procuring samples using suitable syringes filled with adequate amounts of blood without air bubbles, maintaining them at correct temperatures, and transporting them. The emphasis of this booklet is to simplify the major concept of abg interpretation in a way that resonates to the readers interest and reduces mundane memorization. Blood gas interpretation in the neonate what do you need.
Monitoring of acidbase balance is done by testing patients arterial blood gases abgs. Simple arterial blood gas intepretation prehospital and. As a result, arterial hypoxemia at rest is, by itself, not evidence of severe impairment in. List the types of samples that can be analyzed for blood gas and analyte concentrations. Abstract arterial blood gas analysis is a common investigation in emergency departments and intensive care units for monitoring patients with acute respiratory failure. Vishal golay 2112011 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Components of the arterial blood gas the arterial blood gas provides the following values. Each respiratory booklet breaks down the major topics within respiratory therapy to a level that is simple to follow and easy to understand. Free pulmonary course on arterial blood gas analysis by andrew m.
Interpretation of blood gas data should follow a logical pattern. However, the more complicated and in some ways more important part of abg analysis is ph regulation. It can be argued that one of the most important clinical uses of abg analysis is to. Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky.
Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Request pdf on jan 1, 2007, i hennessey and others published arterial blood. Arterial blood gas analysis for emergency medicine registrars very helpful investigation in critical care you should be an expert you need a system, and must be thorough they are not really that hard part 1 the basics part 2 compensation part 3 metabolic acidosis part 4 metabolic alkalosis. Students can work around the table, looking at ph, then co2 and then hco3 and find the answer in the correct box. They explain that the information gained from a blood gas assessment of the umbilical cord done in conjunction with other testing such as placental histology will not only assist clinicians with diagnosis and counseling of the parents, it can also provide a defense in. Arterial blood gas analysis is widely available in hospitals. One advantage of subscribing to rss feeds is that you dont have to constantly revisit this site to check for updates within specific sections you might be interested in because your browser or feed reader will do this for you automatically on a regular basis plus you can even get email. Interpreting abgs arterial blood gases made easy ausmed. Aug 4, 2014 this poster offers a basic level of understanding of abgs for medical students. Bga and interpretation of acidbase balance results. Arterial blood gas samples can be obtained from a number of sites, including the following radial artery at the wristthe most popular site for arterial blood sampling because of its easy accessibility, superficial location, and availability of collateral circulation. May 23, 20 the ed arterial blood gas abg posted on may 23, 20 march 30, 2017 by andrew coggins. Some blood gas analyzers also measure the methemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and hemoglobin levels.
Weve created this guide, which aims to provide a structured approach to abg interpretation whilst also increasing your understanding of each results relevance. This is important to consider when moving and handling a patient as it is easy to. Resting arterial p o 2 does not correlate with exercise capacity. Pdf blood gas analysis for bedside diagnosis researchgate. Arterial blood provides more information than venous blood with regard to acidbase and oxygenation status. Blood gas interpretation in the neonate what do you need to. Interpret the results of various arterial blood gas samples. Interpretation of arterial blood gas analysis seems complicated. Arterial blood gas interpretation linkedin slideshare. Mar 18, 2020 interpretation of arterial blood gas analysis seems complicated. When one thinks of abg analysis, oxygenation may come to mind first. Blood gas analysis debbie fraser, mn, rncnic b lood gas analysis is one of the major tools in assessing the respiratory status of the newborn.
Understanding acidbase balance and interpreting arterial blood gas results can be complex, but they are useful. An arterial blood gas abg is a test that measures the oxygen tension pao 2, carbon dioxide tension paco 2, acidity ph, oxyhemoglobin saturation sao 2, and bicarbonate hco 3 concentration in arterial blood. This poster offers a basic level of understanding of abgs for medical students. In animals with lungs, arterial blood carries oxygen from inhaled air to the. In this guide, we will teach you the eight 8 steps on how to interpret and analyze arterial blood gas abg results using the tictactoe method. Identify normal arterial blood gas values and interpret the meaning of abnormal values. Arterial blood gas abg analysis is an essential part of diagnosing and managing a patients oxygenation status and acidbase balance. How to interpret an arterial blood gas analysis lecturio. As pao2 increases, more oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells, where it combines with hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. Wong and maclennan 2 assert that cord gases should be utilized to help determine the cause of a babys low apgar scores. To adequately use this information, one must have a basic understanding of gas transportation and acidbase physiology. Everyone can read an electrolyte level, but when faced with a list of abgs, most nurses wilt. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website.
Abg interpretation a guide to understanding abgs geeky medics. Blood gas and critical care analyte analysis chapter objectives 1. Blood gas worksheet checklist download pdf you are a new staff member working in the emergency department ed during your induction you are introduced to the practical workings of the point of care arterial blood gas abg machine in the ed. Determine the primary process that led to the change.
Explain the types of errors that can occur with blood gas analysis. Here youll get an excellent overview and a stepwise approach to interpret abg analysis. This tictactoe technique involves a few charts to help you visualize abgs. This helpful, practical book begins with a clear explanation of acidbase balance, followed by a straightforward sixstep approach to arterial blood gas interpretation. Arterial blood gas interpretation made easy on meducation. Although no randomized controlled study has ever been performed evaluating the benefit of abg analysis in the intensive care unit icu, it is likely this technology stands alone as the diagnostic test which has had the greatest impact on the management of critically ill patients. Then evaluate the respiratory parameter paco 2 and the metabolic parameter hco 3 to determine if the acidemia or alkalemia is respiratory or metabolic in origin.
Arterial blood gas interpretation medical books free. The bodies ph is closely controlled and this is done through various. Analysis of arterial blood gases a comprehensive approach. Oxygen content o2ct, oxygen saturation sao2, and bicarbonate hco3 values are also measured. The first covers basic physiology and concepts required for interpretation of blood gas results under four headings. Arterial blood gas interpretation abg arterial blood gas analysis is used to measure the partial pressures of oxygen pao2, carbon dioxide paco2, and the ph of an arterial blood sample. Interpretation of thearterial blood gas analysis dm seminar dr. Arterial blood gas abg analysis plays a pivotal role in the management of critically ill patients. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation is something many medical students find difficult to grasp weve been there. We searched medline, cinahl, and cochrane library database for articles published between january 1990 and december 2012. The paramedics arrived after 10 minutes, during which cpr had not been attempted. But at this point the oxygen content in the blood is used up by the tissues.
Arterial blood gas analysis for emergency medicine registrars. Key physiology including the carriage of respiratory gases is incorporated and applied to the parameters measured in blood gas analysis. Fio2 the percentage of inspired oxygen that you took the blood gas on ph normal range 7. The real value of an abg comes from its ability to provide a. Students can work around the table, looking at ph, then co2 and then hco3 and find the answer in the. This document serves as a general guide for blood gas analysis bga testing that. This section presents how to interpret arterial blood gases. Overview of thediscussion basics of acidbase balance. Circumstances when arterial blood gas analysis can lead us.
Arterial blood gas analysis workshop case study 1 initial information i ed staff member has asked you to assist. Patients are often required to be checked for arterial blood gas analysis to find what exactly is happening in the body of patients system. During most blood testing procedures, blood is drawn from a vein. Arterial blood gas analysis is not used for impairment rating purposes on a routine basis. Venous blood sampling is done easily while doing routine blood tests.
Interpreting arterial blood gases for nurses duration. If youre new here, you may want to subscribe to our rss feed. Most doctors struggle with arterial blood gas abg interpretation. Alternatively, run the blood gas, preferably yourself, immediately after taking it 4. Arterial blood gases made easy request pdf researchgate. Arterial blood gas abg interpretation for medical students, osces. The authors then apply this approach to a wide range of realistic case studies that resemble situations readers. All you really need to know to interpret arterial blood gases includes abc quik course. Although often considered difficult or confusing to interpret due to the abundance of chemistry, with a little practice blood gases become easy and quick to interpret. Arterial blood gas an overview sciencedirect topics. Initially evaluate the ph to determine if an acidemia or alkalemia is present. Arterial, venous, or capillary blood gas analysis is an important diagnostic tool for a variety of critical.
The terminology of arterial blood gas abg is complex and confusing. B she was thrown from her horse at a local event a a. Free pulmonary course on arterial blood gas analysis. I have also made an idcardsized version which can be easily used on the ward. Nov 02, 2011 interpretation of thearterial blood gas analysis dm seminar dr.
1191 459 980 1506 245 748 1275 86 431 708 189 430 869 1052 764 944 1423 1296 955 635 1327 639 395 905 1296 1076 1524 1185 1040 1359 961 1300 44 1194 933 1205 1407 1194 90