This is because caches exist in almost all modern processors, the software attacks are very easy to perform, and are effective on various platforms 57. New cache designs for thwarting software cachebased side. Ecdh keyextraction via lowbandwidth electromagnetic attacks on pcs. In this paper, we introduce controlledchannel attacks a new type of sidechannel attack on shielding systems. We take a first step in studying the security implications of such devices and demonstrate that this upcoming technology could be turned against users to reveal their private and. That said, i guess serious side channel attacks are well within the capabilities of nation states, and they are an easily overlooked vector of attack.
Information security incident reporting policy tech. Cpu hardware vulnerable to side channel attacks cve20175715, cve20175753, cve20175754 cpu hardware implementations are vulnerable to cache side channel attacks. Side channel attacks on cryptography break confidentiality by exploiting information produced by the encryption such as van eck phreaking in a tempest attack, courtesy the van across the street. It is named side channel, thus, as it solves the problem using a method that does not follow the intended attacking path.
To protect against such an attack in an soc, it is important to understand how the information is obtained and determine ways to prevent that from happening, and specifically some of the countermeasures that can. Sidechannel attacks on cryptographic software vulnerable to sidechannel attacks because of its strict requirements for absolute secrecy. Therefore, presenters will not be addressing fourth quarter results during this presentation. Protecting against these can be a challenge, is costly and must be done with utmost care. Actions over computation processes can be classified as two ways, such as passive attack and active attack. Sep 04, 2016 this side channel vulnerability can be mitigated by aligning specific code and data blocks to exist entirely within a single page. Get your hands off my laptop physical sidechannel key.
This project has been developed as a semester project during our studies at eurecom, sophia antipholis fall 2018 spring 2019, with the supervision of prof. I softwarebased sidechannel attacks and defenses in restricted environments ix. A protocol attacker actively seeks to fool the protocol into accepting false instructions, leading to information leakage. Although side channel atta cks in general and cache side channel attack in particular are known for a quite long time, it seems there is a lack of remedies and countermeasures that can be applied. Side channel attack an overview sciencedirect topics.
Pdf introduction to sidechannel attacks researchgate. However, new system architecture features, such as larger cache sizes and multicore proces. Among different attacks side channel power analysis attack is a newer type of attack. A standard attack pattern is meant to provide sufficient details to understand the specific technique and how it attempts to accomplish a desired goal. Side channel attacks exploit an unintentional information leakage regarding the variation of power consumption, execution time or electromag. Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is used as the side channel to attack the system. A sidechannel attack is one that solves the captcha but not the ai problem it is based on, therefore not improving the state of the art on ai 52. More important, the application enclave should use an appropriate crypto implementation that is side channel attack resistant inside the enclave if side channel attacks. Mar 28, 2018 this presentation describes a previously known method to recover an rsa key from an enclave containing rsa crypto code that is vulnerable to a side channel exploit, an intel spokesperson said. Simple attacks an attacker uses the side channel information from one measurement directly to determine parts of the secret key. Known defenses have major limitations, as they require either errorprone developer assistance, incur extremely high runtime overhead, or prevent only specific attacks. Side channel attacks and countermeasures for embedded. Software protection against fault and side channel attacks conor p.
Statements in this presentation that refer to forecasts, future plans and. Rather than exploiting a side channel as a vector of attack, homealone uses a sidechannel in the l2 memory cache as. Security event to learn about sidechannel attacks on pcs. Software side channel attack on memory deduplication. Because side channel attacks rely on the relationship between information emitted leaked through a side channel and the secret data, countermeasures fall into two main categories. Unlike physical side channel attacks, software cachebased side channel attacks can impact a much wider spectrum of systems and users. Courtois, 200620 simple power analysis spa looks at power consumption but can also be any other side channel. Using side channel information to enable an attack is similar, although it requires a lot more effort than the simple example above. When one design algorithm or system such as cryptosystem, one must think about additional output leaked from the devices, too. In this presentation, we will examine the em side channel, which originates from electromagnetic radiation leaking from a device. Security of side channel power analysis attack in cloud computing.
Side channel attack is not a traditional cryptanalysis. Differential side channel attacks dsca contains many traces, the attack exploits in the correlation between the processed data and the side channel output15. Vendor analysis of which algorithm and modes of usage are susceptible to side. Our methods require no changes to existing processors. Still, software developers can reduce the risks of side channel attacks by securing their.
In this presentation, we will cover the various challenges involved with successfully performing em side channel attacks using relatively lowcost software defined radios sdrs and em probes. A malicious os kernel may infer victims memory access pat. Timing information, power consumption, electromagnetic leaks or even sound can provide an extra source of information, which can be exploited. On the feasibility of sidechannel attacks with brain. The side channel attacks in this exploit are cachebased and rely on the timing of cache activity to glean information, the report said. A standard level attack pattern is a specific type of a more abstract meta level attack pattern. In computer security, a side channel attack is any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system, rather than weaknesses in the implemented algorithm itself e.
Software side channel attack on memory deduplication kuniyasu suzaki, kengo iijima, toshiki yagi, cyrille artho national institute of advanced industrial science and technology, rcis, tsukuba, japan 1. We assume that the attacker will attempt to use side channels, either via a malicious userspace process or via malicious code within the os kernel itself. Based on measuring the amount of time various computations take to perform. Attackers aim to attack cloud environment for getting valuable information from cloud users. Side channel attacks the side channel attacks can be classified at three levels, such as actions over computation process, accessing the modules and methods used in analysis process. Side channel attacks rely on measuring tendencies and frequencies of your computer to establish patterns that can extract private information from your machine. Jul 31, 2014 we demonstrate physical side channel attacks on a popular software implementation of rsa and elgamal, running on laptop computers.
Recently, these attacks were used in the counterfeiting of ecigarette. In this paper, we present methods to defend against page table and lastlevel cache llc sidechannel attacks launched by a compromised os kernel. Side channel attack is easy, quick, inexpensive, and few risk to be notified by victims. This makes cachebased side channel attacks extremely. We focus on page table side channel 63,73 and llc side channel,43,52,76,79 attacks launched by software because of their. Intel shrugs off new sidechannel attacks on branch. International workshop on information security applications. Side channel attacks have not been studied for general purpose systems such as mobile devices. In the software world, sidechannel attacks have sometimes been dismissed as impractical.
In cryptography, a sidechannel attack is an attack based on information gained. Automated software protection for the masses against side. Side channel attacks break the secret key of a cryptosystem using channels such as sound, heat, time and power consumption which are originally not intended to leak such information. Power analysis is a branch of side channel attacks where power consumption data is used as the side channel to attack.
These side channels may leak information on the programs accesses to data andor code memory. Side channel attacks are attacks that are based on side channel. Our page table defenses restrict the os kernels ability to read and write page table pages and defend against page allocation attacks, and our llc defenses utilize the intel cache allocation technology along with memory isolation primitives. Yes, side channel attacks are practical and a real concern, if the past is indicative of the future ive been professionally involved with smart cards since the mid eighties, and have repeatedly witnessed deployed systems vulnerable to many forms of side channel attacks. Side channel attacks exploit an unintentional information leakage regarding the variation of. A testing methodology for side channel resistance validation. An overview of side channel attacks and its countermeasures. Side channel attacks and countermeasures for embedded systems. Introduction memory deduplication merges samecontent m emory pages and reduces the consumption of physical memory. Em side channel attacks on commercial contactless smartcards using lowcost equipment. Using side channel information, it becomes easy to gain secret information from a device. Side channel vulnerabilities pose a serious threat for web applications with high security requirements. Of course, we will also talk about the counter measures from software, hardware and algorithms.
Side channel analysis techniques are of concern because the attacks can be mounted quickly and can sometimes be implemented using readily available hardware costing from only a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. Shielding systems cannot rely on applications, offtheshelf hypervisors or isolation. However, such systems are still vulnerable to side channel attacks. Side channel attacks are passive attacks are feasible for a skilled attacker prevention strategies may have a negative impact. Feb 10, 2019 in this presentation, we will cover the various challenges involved with successfully performing em sidechannel attacks using relatively lowcost software defined radios sdrs and em probes. A paper to be presented at next months workshop on cryptographic hardware and embedded systems ches in busan, south korea, will discuss physical side channel attacks on laptop computers, in findings from a team from the technion and tel aviv university. Any limits placed by the device on the number of side. Sidechannel attacks monitor power consumption and electromagnetic emissions while a device is performing cryptographic operations. Side channel attacks or sca, monitor your power use and electromagnetic emissions during cryptographic operations. The security risks involved in using consumergrade bci devices have never been studied and the impact of malicious software with access to the device is unexplored. Timing measurements are fed to a statistical model that provides guessed bit key with a certain level of accuracy.
Performing lowcost electromagnetic sidechannel attacks. An introduction to side channel attacks may 24, 2018 by rambus press the rapid growth of connected devices and the sensitive data they generate poses a significant challenge for manufacturers seeking to comprehensively protect their devices from attack. In principle, with standard silicon technology, more or less every unprotected. A realtime side channel attack detection system in clouds 3 compared to past work, cloudradar has several advantages. Messerges, using secondorder power analysis to attack dpa resistant. More important, the application enclave should use an appropriate crypto implementation that is side channel attack resistant inside the enclave if side channel attacks are a concern. But even if you perfect the software, theres another more insidious threat. Side channel attacks secure computation laboratory university. Automated and adjustable sidechannel protection for. Cpu hardware vulnerable to sidechannel attacks cve2017. In a common attack, the adversary monitors cpu caches to infer secretdependent data accesses patterns. It is different from a reaction attack which does not involve fooling the protocol.
This presentation describes a previously known method to recover an rsa key from an enclave containing rsa crypto code that is vulnerable to a side channel. In the implementation, the software selects the most efficient multiplication to compute. New spectre, meltdown variants leave victims open to side. Ssca exploits in the relationship between the executed instructions and the side channel output. Many of them have security requirements such as smart cards, mobile phones, and internet connected appliances. We demonstrated physical side channel attacks on a popular software implementation of rsa and elgamal, running on laptop. Among these features are a few specifically targeted at side channel attacks. All about side channel attacks main document to study applied crypto compga12 nicolas t. Oct 27, 2012 the major threat here is, of course, software vulnerabilities things that can let an attacker break out of one vm and into another.
Sidechannel attacks scas aim at extracting secrets from a chip or a system. A simple analysis attack exploits the relationship between the executed operations and the side channel information. Tunstall 1 department of computer science, university of bristol, merchant venturers building, woodland road, bristol, bs8 1ub, united kingdom. Farkas our initial slide detailing our credentials was cropped out by the screen application we were using.
Softwareinitiated fault attacks currently a rare class of sidechannels, row hammer is an example in. Side channels analysis can be performed on a device to assess its level of vulnerability to such attacks such analysis is part of certification processes in the payment industry and in common criteria evaluations. Security researcher notified intel, amd, and arm of a new sidechannel analysis exploit a method for an attacker to observe contents of privileged memory, circumventing expected privilege levels exploits speculative execution techniques common in modern processors not unique to any one architecture or processor implementation. Jose maria gomez hidalgo, gonzalo alvarez, in advances in computers, 2011. Numerous attacks based on shared hardware and software resources have been carried in the past.
In fact, the side channel resistance of software implementations is nowadays a major concern in the choice of cryptographic primitives, and was an explicit evaluation criterion in nists aes and sha3 competitions. In computer security, a sidechannel attack is any attack based on information gained from the implementation of a computer system, rather than weaknesses in the implemented algorithm itself e. Aug 28, 2019 in this presentation, bitdefender researchers detail a new sidechannel attack, dubbed swapgs attack, that affects windows systems running on 64bit intel cpus. Instead of compromising software by exploiting its vulnerabilities, one way to infer the sensitive data of bugfree software is using sidechannel attacks. Aug 21, 2014 a paper to be presented at next months workshop on cryptographic hardware and embedded systems ches in busan, south korea, will discuss physical side channel attacks on laptop computers, in findings from a team from the technion and tel aviv university. This type of attack, known as an oracle attack 5, can target processes that are not vulnerable to speculative execution side channels and can operate at an api level. Systemlevel protection against cachebased side channel attacks in the cloud. Worse yet, compromised os kernels can leverage their control over privileged hardware state to exacerbate existing side channels. They try to access confidential information of different organizations from the cloud. This paper presents defenses against page table and lastlevel cache llc sidechannel attacks launched by a compromised os kernel. Shielding software from privileged sidechannel attacks.
Protecting against sidechannel attacks with an ultralow. Bitdefender researchers present details of the new side. First, cloudradar focuses on the root causes of cachebased side channel attacks and hence is hard to evade using di erent attack code, while maintaining a low false positive rate. Side channel vulnerabilities on the web detection and. Mitigating speculative execution side channel hardware. Cpu design as a security problem end of may i had the opportunity to present my research on cache side channel attacks at the hack in the box conference. In fact, many side channel attacks target cryptographic keys partly because its a little bit tricky to get lots of data through a side channel.
Recent attacks have shown that such side channel attacks can happen in just a few minutes from a short distance away. This definition explains sidechannel attack, which is a type of attack on a computer system that attacks a system through few potential means, such as by measuring power consumption, timing. While at the architectural level documented in processor data books, any results of misprediction are specified to be discarded after the fact, the resulting speculative. Our attacks use novel side channels, based on the observation that the \ground electric potential, in many computers, uctuates in a computationdependent way.
It can be a challenge to ful ll security requirements due to the constrained nature of embedded devices. Patrick abstract embedded systems are increasingly ubiquitous. This presentation from a university and microsoft research describes systemlevel protection against cachebased side channel attacks in the cloud. Common attack pattern enumeration and classification capec is a list of software weaknesses. It is often seen as a singular piece of a fully executed attack. Software protection against fault and side channel attacks. All variants are locally executed side channel cache timing attacks 6. Removal of controlflow side channel attacks usenix workinprogress presentation of paper.
We demonstrated physical side channel attacks on a popular software implementation of rsa and elgamal, running on laptop computers, they. For more detailed information please refer to the cert vulnerability notes database. The amount of time required for the attack and analysis depends on the type of attack. The number of samples required to retrieve the information depends on signal properties and noise. After my presentation with nishat herath last year at black hat i published my private comments to that slide deck and that was well received. The arc sem processors provide separation of secure and application code through secureshield, a trusted execution environment, and also include features to prevent malicious hardware, software, and physical attacks. The starting point of the white paper is that of a side channel timing attack applied to the branch prediction machinery of modern outoforder executing microprocessors. The work presented in this paper aims to provide an automatic, userfriendly and secure solution to the use of polymorphism in embedded software. Software implementation of critical code shall not contain branching statements. Following this, demonstrations of two separate attacks, one in the cache and a novel side channel across the pipeline, will be made to show the theory behind what is being discussed. Fips 1403 will require side channel testing for certain levels.
Side channel attacks involving speculative execution have four components. This side channel vulnerability can be mitigated by aligning specific code and data blocks to exist entirely within a single page. And cryptographic keys are one situation where getting a small number of bits helps you a lot. In computer security, a sidechannel attack is any attack based on information gained from the. Consider the following example of simple byte buffer comparison that is not side channel resistant. Speculative execution side channels are outside our attack models scope, but we discuss how. Performing em sidechannel attacks used to require rather. So in their attack theyre able to extract maybe about 200 256 bits or so. Side channel countermeasures find application mostly in highsecurity areas such as in banking industry, online payment applications. Real time detection of cachebased sidechannel attacks. Protection from sidechannel attacks intel software. Recently those based on cpus cache memory turned out to be very effective, easy to implement and fast. Mitigations include updates to system software, firmware and future hardware. The untrusted operating system uses its control over the platform to construct powerful side channels.
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